Management
intends to sell U.S. fighter jets and military helicopters advanced to
the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia , the biggest deal in the complexity of the
United States at all. It is scheduled to reach the Congress will soon deal worth up to 60 billion dollars. Simultaneously
, talks continue between Washington and Riyadh about a possible update
to the maritime defense system at a cost of 30 billion dollars , may
include warships . Add
to promote missile defense , which encourages ' p United States Saudi
Arabia to buy defense systems against ballistic missiles , known as the "
Thad " (THAAD-Terminal High Altitude Defense) and modernization of
missiles, " Patriot " , both of which are manufactured by a company "
Lockheed Martin " . Note
that Saudi Arabia is the largest developing country buyer of U.S.
weapons during the years from 2005 to 2008 , where the value of
transactions reached 11.2 billion dollars. According
to a report by the Congressional Research Service in 2009 , bought
Arabia arms worth 36.7 billion dollars between the years 2001 and 2008,
to become the most developing countries, spending on armaments by 16
percent , followed by India with 14 percent ( 30.8 billion dollars), and
the United Arab Emirates 7 percent ( 15.3 billion dollars) , then China 6 percent and 5 percent, Egypt (
12.3 billion dollars) , Pakistan 3 percent , and the rest of the
developing world combined 36 percent . 
And Tgdo be noted that the newspaper the ' Financial Times ' British published what is useful for the determination of four Gulf states , are Saudi Arabia , the United Arab Emirates , Kuwait and Oman , to spend 123 billion dollars to buy weapons and military equipment from the United States in preparation for any possible war can be waged by Israel and America against Iran over its nuclear ambitions . And will spend the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia alone half of this amount ( 67 billion dollars) for the purchase of 85 fighter aircraft ( F-15 ) , and update the 70 other aircraft of the same type , as well as warships and radar systems . The paper also noted that the UAE market ' signed contracts to buy military equipment worth between 35 and 40 billion dollars , and got the green light to buy the THAAD anti- missile missiles, which operate on the development of Lockheed Martin . She said ( Financial Times ) The Sultanate of Oman will spend 12 billion dollars on the purchase of 18 new fighter aircraft ( F-16 ) and the development of 12 other fighter , while spend Kuwait seven billion dollars to replace and develop warplanes and buy new systems for command and control , noting that the total value All arms deals between the United States and all of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates , Oman and Kuwait will reach 122.88 billion dollars.
About the magnitude of the American deal - Saudi Arabia and the importance and the potential repercussions on the Arab region , prepared 'V unit support decision-making in the Arab Unity Studies Center and a brief paper , aimed to highlight the following points :
1 - details of the deal of technical and financialInclude a deal to buy 84 F-15 fighter manufactured by a new company , " Boeing " , and update the 70 aircraft of the same model . Add to purchase three types of helicopters : 72 helicopter " Black Hawk " (Blackhawk UH-60), which participated for months in military exercises in South Korea , and 70 helicopters " Apache " (Apache AH-64D) and 36 helicopter "Little Bird "(Little Bird). This should be done in a period ranging between 5 and 10 years . But Washington will not provide Riyadh long-range weapons systems can be installed on the aircraft , " F-15 " and used in attacks against targets onshore and offshore , which reassures Israel that have expressed their fears may be affected by its military superiority Saudi armaments . It is awaiting the delivery of fighter jets , " F- 35 " to coincide with the receipt of the Saudi aircraft , " F-15 " .
2 - Wallpapers deal and objectives
A - For the United States :U.S. administration to consider this deal in two contexts :- To help its ally, Saudi Arabia and strengthen the defense capability of the Gulf States and allied countries in the Arab region and enhance its security in the face of the Iranian threat ( the nuclear program and Altzl 'H and widening political influence ) .- Support for the arms industry and U.S. activate sector jobs , where the estimated ' t support the deal, the company " Boeing " manufactured ' Ah aircraft " Apache " and " F-15 " and " Little Bird " alone , directly or indirectly , including not at least 77 thousand jobs in 44 states , will also increase annual revenues dramatically . This is apart from the jobs that will be provided in the companies manufactured ' Ah other , including the Company" Lockheed Martin " which classified ' G aircraft " Apache " and " F-16 " , which forced the beginning of September / September in the 600 senior employees to retire early , which represents about 25 percent of the total senior staff .
B - For Saudi Arabia :
- Riyadh is a step in the deal as it seeks to achieve a balance with Iran, which fear the development of nuclear weapons. They also contribute to strengthening the defense capabilities of Saudi Arabia - the Gulf , about the growth of Iran's missile capabilities and threatened several times to block the transport of oil through the Gulf closure of the Strait of Hormuz , in the event of a military strike against an Israeli or American.- Enable Saudi Arabia , by strengthening its military capabilities , to play the role of a regional political force within the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Arab and regional level , especially in light of the decline of its role and influence in recent times .C - NATO's role outside the European theater :- The arms sales of this size is a strategic planning stages for NATO to extend toward the Gulf to curb the role of the Russian and Chinese (not to mention Iran) and employing the capabilities of this strategy in the region , this means :
A - that the arms deals of the bay is part of the Alliance for the storage of weapons in the region .B - Gulf to join the missile shield system .C - boot to connect the region officially " what " NATO (note the opening of the French naval base at Port Zayed ) in 2009 ( with the lookout for some disagreement on the nature of the U.S. and European NATO's role in the region ) .
D - golden opportunities for corruption and bribes and commissions :And Tgdo also be noted that arms deals constitute a field plenty of wasted money on the road commission bribes affect many officials on the conclusion and implementation of the above, for example, that raised Yamamah deal , which was signed by Saudi Arabia with BAE Systems (BAE Systems) British in 1985 , stir controversy and broad in both Saudi Arabia and Britain and the United States , because of the allegations of corruption investigations , which affected the Convention.And enable 'n TV « me. Me. CNN » British revealed many facts about the deal , and the company electronic systems and air ' j ' its British manufacturing weapons , pay huge bribes .
As published in the British newspaper The Guardian 18/01/2008 , an investigation of the existence of evidence at the request of the members of the commission a financial return for their role in the conclusion of arms deals between Saudi Arabia and Britain . The achievement of the BBC in 07/07/2007 , to be one of the ambassadors , who played the role of negotiator for the Saudi side in the al-Yamamah deal , he had received more than two billion dollars over a decade as commissions compared to his role in the deal said .According to what was published in site (CNNArabic) mail dated March 2 / March 2010 , approved the company British arms giant " Bai Systems " (BAE Systems), the health of the criminal charges against her in the United States in the case of bribing contracts weapons to Saudi Arabia, including so-called " deal Al-Yamamah . " The company is in the middle of the eighth decade of the last century - according to the court papers - to pay sums of money to " a Saudi official ," an unnamed to facilitate gaining reach deal 'H which sells fighter jets to Riyadh .Based on the foregoing, it is not surprising that these new deals fertile field for corruption and receiving bribes and commissions.
3 - the implications of the dealDeal of the U.S. - the Saudi military repercussions - political and security different in the Arab world. They may contribute to the acceleration of what might be called an arms race in the region . In addition to increasing the strength of the kingdom, which has not yet tails gathering up its border war with the Houthis in Yemen , and the internal war against al Qaeda, which is active from time to time , nor wars " sporadic " with Iran, the other in several countries , including Iraq and Lebanon. Taiz as ' g deal of military force to the Gulf Cooperation Council generally in the face of any threat . And can contribute to make up the shortfall or disruption of the balance of power against the military power of Iran 's growing and increasing Turkish influence in the Arab world and the impact on their issues hot , especially after the withdrawal of Iraq from the equation and the decline of the Saudi role and the isolation of the Egyptian role and lineup Syria with Iran in the past years .In line with this, the deal could lead also to raise the level of tension in the region , between the pivotal " Equinox " pro-Western , led by an American and the " opposition " pro-Iranian support and encourage Russian - Chinese Mbt 'n or indirectly. In the belief of some that the ongoing confrontation between the United States and Iran are on the scene Gulf , the deal may increase repositioning GCC in two camps : one includes Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates , Kuwait, Bahrain , and the second includes Oman and Qatar. This may result in repercussions in terms of unit visions and goals Integrative and foreign policy of these countries , especially those relating to Iran and its nuclear program and regional papers in Iraq , Palestine, Lebanon , Yemen and the pursuance of Kuwait and Bahrain. This inevitably leads to an increase in political polarization already severe among the Arab countries in general.On the other hand , the deal will not affect the continuation of Israel's military superiority over the Arabs , especially since Israel's defiance ' s fleet fighter " F-35 " . It also raises questions about whether the signal to set the stage for a military conflict with Iran is imminent , or is it reassuring to Saudi Arabia and America's allies to protect them from the threat of Iran and supplying d ' influence ? Is this entails a kind of " settlement " direct or indirect with respect to tense U.S. - Iranian , and pave ' d therefore regional understanding between Saudi Arabia and Iran under the auspices of an international consensus of U.S. - Russian - Chinese, includes all Aleroaq which is manipulated by the parties and the international powers generally or influence where one way or another to meet the interests of the internal or external ? .Is difficult to answer these questions definitively , and perhaps the next stage carrying a mixture of all that. But no doubt , that the balance of power generally can not be the only military . It calls for a major development to achieve a balance in the political, economic , cultural and even scientific , which can not be Saudi Arabia or the Gulf States or the Arab states combined to achieve in the foreseeable future under current policies .
4 - Summary and Recommendations
The risks that threaten the security of the Arabian Gulf are many, and can be summarized thus , most notably :- Excessive reliance on foreign protection .- Excessive reliance on foreign labor .- Development options and investment erroneous ( heavy reliance on oil exports and the service economy and real estate investments ... etc) .- Increasing development and economic gap between the GCC and Yemen , which has been estimated that about one-third of its population living below the poverty line .- Instability of Iraq and the deepening sectarian divide .- Serious differences with Iran on the thorny issues in the region , such as Iraq and the Palestinian cause , for example, but not limited to .- Luring a possible conflict with Iran over the three UAE islands : Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs .- Threat by Israel, which raises fears Reptha and arms deals between Washington and its Arab allies .It can be said that the spending of the Gulf and the Arab Altzl 'H alone is not enough to ward off these threats to the security of the Gulf region , but re- raising the issue of the feasibility of this military spending and wastage of wealth Arabic , which is not employed in the service of Arab issues such as the conflict with Israel, nor in the internal development , especially in light of the security agreements signed with the United States and other countries such as Russia , China, France and Germany . It also evokes the model the "Damascus Declaration " in 1991 to coordinate between the GCC countries and Egypt and Syria. It is a model that can stop him to benefit from the experience of understanding with a view to holding a new Arab Gulf , and replaced by spending on armaments is futile military support to Egypt , Syria and Lebanon in the face of Israeli threats . Such a move , disengagement of Egypt and its political gradually from the United States and Astgnaúha for annual financial support from Washington. Gulf states also sings about the need for arms control and deterrence rely on the U.S. , and paving ' way for a comprehensive understanding about the Arab national security and regional levels include Iran and Turkey. Gulf Cooperation Council countries will not be able to rely entirely on their potential to adjust the security and confrontation in the event of a dispute , however spent on Altzl ' h . Therefore it is necessary to review its military strategy - security , and identify the causes of Altos ' t build a system in Gulf Arab be part of the Arabic system of national security , and seeking to establish a regional security system . The system can include frameworks and mechanisms of any potential confrontations , and reflect positively on the security of the entire region , and may extend to other areas of economic development and cultural and even environmental .
Appendix 1:Contagious ' lattes military spending in some Arab countries and regional powers between 1988 and 2009, billions of dollarsAthmad ' for military spending ' (1988) prepared ' for military spending ' (2009)Amman 2.114Kuwait 3.314.51Saudi Arabia 17.8339.25Bahrain 0.232 0.721Iraq 2.843.81Lebanon 0.263 1.4Syria 1 1.88Israel 12.2914.3Iran 1.549.17Turkey 9.9219
Source: SIPRI 's 2010 Annual issued by the Institute of the Stockholm International Peace Research
Appendix 2:Ratio of military spending in some Arab countries of GDP in 2007Athnsph military spendingOman (10.4%)Bahrain 3.2%Kuwait 3.8%Qatar 2.5%Saudi Arabia 9.5 %Emirates 5.9%
Source: SIPRI 's 2010 Annual issued by the Institute of the Stockholm International Peace Research
Appendix 3 :Most developing countries, spending on arms purchases ( agreements ) between 2001 and 2008, billions of dollarsAthmad ' for military spending ' overall percentage ( %) * rankedSaudi Arabia 36.716 1India 30.814 2Emirates 15:37 3China 12.9 6 4Egypt 5 12:35Pakistan 11.85 6Israel 7:13 7Syria 6.53 8Venezuela 5.83 9
And Tgdo be noted that the newspaper the ' Financial Times ' British published what is useful for the determination of four Gulf states , are Saudi Arabia , the United Arab Emirates , Kuwait and Oman , to spend 123 billion dollars to buy weapons and military equipment from the United States in preparation for any possible war can be waged by Israel and America against Iran over its nuclear ambitions . And will spend the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia alone half of this amount ( 67 billion dollars) for the purchase of 85 fighter aircraft ( F-15 ) , and update the 70 other aircraft of the same type , as well as warships and radar systems . The paper also noted that the UAE market ' signed contracts to buy military equipment worth between 35 and 40 billion dollars , and got the green light to buy the THAAD anti- missile missiles, which operate on the development of Lockheed Martin . She said ( Financial Times ) The Sultanate of Oman will spend 12 billion dollars on the purchase of 18 new fighter aircraft ( F-16 ) and the development of 12 other fighter , while spend Kuwait seven billion dollars to replace and develop warplanes and buy new systems for command and control , noting that the total value All arms deals between the United States and all of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates , Oman and Kuwait will reach 122.88 billion dollars.
About the magnitude of the American deal - Saudi Arabia and the importance and the potential repercussions on the Arab region , prepared 'V unit support decision-making in the Arab Unity Studies Center and a brief paper , aimed to highlight the following points :
1 - details of the deal of technical and financialInclude a deal to buy 84 F-15 fighter manufactured by a new company , " Boeing " , and update the 70 aircraft of the same model . Add to purchase three types of helicopters : 72 helicopter " Black Hawk " (Blackhawk UH-60), which participated for months in military exercises in South Korea , and 70 helicopters " Apache " (Apache AH-64D) and 36 helicopter "Little Bird "(Little Bird). This should be done in a period ranging between 5 and 10 years . But Washington will not provide Riyadh long-range weapons systems can be installed on the aircraft , " F-15 " and used in attacks against targets onshore and offshore , which reassures Israel that have expressed their fears may be affected by its military superiority Saudi armaments . It is awaiting the delivery of fighter jets , " F- 35 " to coincide with the receipt of the Saudi aircraft , " F-15 " .
2 - Wallpapers deal and objectives
A - For the United States :U.S. administration to consider this deal in two contexts :- To help its ally, Saudi Arabia and strengthen the defense capability of the Gulf States and allied countries in the Arab region and enhance its security in the face of the Iranian threat ( the nuclear program and Altzl 'H and widening political influence ) .- Support for the arms industry and U.S. activate sector jobs , where the estimated ' t support the deal, the company " Boeing " manufactured ' Ah aircraft " Apache " and " F-15 " and " Little Bird " alone , directly or indirectly , including not at least 77 thousand jobs in 44 states , will also increase annual revenues dramatically . This is apart from the jobs that will be provided in the companies manufactured ' Ah other , including the Company" Lockheed Martin " which classified ' G aircraft " Apache " and " F-16 " , which forced the beginning of September / September in the 600 senior employees to retire early , which represents about 25 percent of the total senior staff .
B - For Saudi Arabia :
- Riyadh is a step in the deal as it seeks to achieve a balance with Iran, which fear the development of nuclear weapons. They also contribute to strengthening the defense capabilities of Saudi Arabia - the Gulf , about the growth of Iran's missile capabilities and threatened several times to block the transport of oil through the Gulf closure of the Strait of Hormuz , in the event of a military strike against an Israeli or American.- Enable Saudi Arabia , by strengthening its military capabilities , to play the role of a regional political force within the Gulf Cooperation Council and the Arab and regional level , especially in light of the decline of its role and influence in recent times .C - NATO's role outside the European theater :- The arms sales of this size is a strategic planning stages for NATO to extend toward the Gulf to curb the role of the Russian and Chinese (not to mention Iran) and employing the capabilities of this strategy in the region , this means :
A - that the arms deals of the bay is part of the Alliance for the storage of weapons in the region .B - Gulf to join the missile shield system .C - boot to connect the region officially " what " NATO (note the opening of the French naval base at Port Zayed ) in 2009 ( with the lookout for some disagreement on the nature of the U.S. and European NATO's role in the region ) .
D - golden opportunities for corruption and bribes and commissions :And Tgdo also be noted that arms deals constitute a field plenty of wasted money on the road commission bribes affect many officials on the conclusion and implementation of the above, for example, that raised Yamamah deal , which was signed by Saudi Arabia with BAE Systems (BAE Systems) British in 1985 , stir controversy and broad in both Saudi Arabia and Britain and the United States , because of the allegations of corruption investigations , which affected the Convention.And enable 'n TV « me. Me. CNN » British revealed many facts about the deal , and the company electronic systems and air ' j ' its British manufacturing weapons , pay huge bribes .
As published in the British newspaper The Guardian 18/01/2008 , an investigation of the existence of evidence at the request of the members of the commission a financial return for their role in the conclusion of arms deals between Saudi Arabia and Britain . The achievement of the BBC in 07/07/2007 , to be one of the ambassadors , who played the role of negotiator for the Saudi side in the al-Yamamah deal , he had received more than two billion dollars over a decade as commissions compared to his role in the deal said .According to what was published in site (CNNArabic) mail dated March 2 / March 2010 , approved the company British arms giant " Bai Systems " (BAE Systems), the health of the criminal charges against her in the United States in the case of bribing contracts weapons to Saudi Arabia, including so-called " deal Al-Yamamah . " The company is in the middle of the eighth decade of the last century - according to the court papers - to pay sums of money to " a Saudi official ," an unnamed to facilitate gaining reach deal 'H which sells fighter jets to Riyadh .Based on the foregoing, it is not surprising that these new deals fertile field for corruption and receiving bribes and commissions.
3 - the implications of the dealDeal of the U.S. - the Saudi military repercussions - political and security different in the Arab world. They may contribute to the acceleration of what might be called an arms race in the region . In addition to increasing the strength of the kingdom, which has not yet tails gathering up its border war with the Houthis in Yemen , and the internal war against al Qaeda, which is active from time to time , nor wars " sporadic " with Iran, the other in several countries , including Iraq and Lebanon. Taiz as ' g deal of military force to the Gulf Cooperation Council generally in the face of any threat . And can contribute to make up the shortfall or disruption of the balance of power against the military power of Iran 's growing and increasing Turkish influence in the Arab world and the impact on their issues hot , especially after the withdrawal of Iraq from the equation and the decline of the Saudi role and the isolation of the Egyptian role and lineup Syria with Iran in the past years .In line with this, the deal could lead also to raise the level of tension in the region , between the pivotal " Equinox " pro-Western , led by an American and the " opposition " pro-Iranian support and encourage Russian - Chinese Mbt 'n or indirectly. In the belief of some that the ongoing confrontation between the United States and Iran are on the scene Gulf , the deal may increase repositioning GCC in two camps : one includes Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates , Kuwait, Bahrain , and the second includes Oman and Qatar. This may result in repercussions in terms of unit visions and goals Integrative and foreign policy of these countries , especially those relating to Iran and its nuclear program and regional papers in Iraq , Palestine, Lebanon , Yemen and the pursuance of Kuwait and Bahrain. This inevitably leads to an increase in political polarization already severe among the Arab countries in general.On the other hand , the deal will not affect the continuation of Israel's military superiority over the Arabs , especially since Israel's defiance ' s fleet fighter " F-35 " . It also raises questions about whether the signal to set the stage for a military conflict with Iran is imminent , or is it reassuring to Saudi Arabia and America's allies to protect them from the threat of Iran and supplying d ' influence ? Is this entails a kind of " settlement " direct or indirect with respect to tense U.S. - Iranian , and pave ' d therefore regional understanding between Saudi Arabia and Iran under the auspices of an international consensus of U.S. - Russian - Chinese, includes all Aleroaq which is manipulated by the parties and the international powers generally or influence where one way or another to meet the interests of the internal or external ? .Is difficult to answer these questions definitively , and perhaps the next stage carrying a mixture of all that. But no doubt , that the balance of power generally can not be the only military . It calls for a major development to achieve a balance in the political, economic , cultural and even scientific , which can not be Saudi Arabia or the Gulf States or the Arab states combined to achieve in the foreseeable future under current policies .
4 - Summary and Recommendations
The risks that threaten the security of the Arabian Gulf are many, and can be summarized thus , most notably :- Excessive reliance on foreign protection .- Excessive reliance on foreign labor .- Development options and investment erroneous ( heavy reliance on oil exports and the service economy and real estate investments ... etc) .- Increasing development and economic gap between the GCC and Yemen , which has been estimated that about one-third of its population living below the poverty line .- Instability of Iraq and the deepening sectarian divide .- Serious differences with Iran on the thorny issues in the region , such as Iraq and the Palestinian cause , for example, but not limited to .- Luring a possible conflict with Iran over the three UAE islands : Abu Musa and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs .- Threat by Israel, which raises fears Reptha and arms deals between Washington and its Arab allies .It can be said that the spending of the Gulf and the Arab Altzl 'H alone is not enough to ward off these threats to the security of the Gulf region , but re- raising the issue of the feasibility of this military spending and wastage of wealth Arabic , which is not employed in the service of Arab issues such as the conflict with Israel, nor in the internal development , especially in light of the security agreements signed with the United States and other countries such as Russia , China, France and Germany . It also evokes the model the "Damascus Declaration " in 1991 to coordinate between the GCC countries and Egypt and Syria. It is a model that can stop him to benefit from the experience of understanding with a view to holding a new Arab Gulf , and replaced by spending on armaments is futile military support to Egypt , Syria and Lebanon in the face of Israeli threats . Such a move , disengagement of Egypt and its political gradually from the United States and Astgnaúha for annual financial support from Washington. Gulf states also sings about the need for arms control and deterrence rely on the U.S. , and paving ' way for a comprehensive understanding about the Arab national security and regional levels include Iran and Turkey. Gulf Cooperation Council countries will not be able to rely entirely on their potential to adjust the security and confrontation in the event of a dispute , however spent on Altzl ' h . Therefore it is necessary to review its military strategy - security , and identify the causes of Altos ' t build a system in Gulf Arab be part of the Arabic system of national security , and seeking to establish a regional security system . The system can include frameworks and mechanisms of any potential confrontations , and reflect positively on the security of the entire region , and may extend to other areas of economic development and cultural and even environmental .
Appendix 1:Contagious ' lattes military spending in some Arab countries and regional powers between 1988 and 2009, billions of dollarsAthmad ' for military spending ' (1988) prepared ' for military spending ' (2009)Amman 2.114Kuwait 3.314.51Saudi Arabia 17.8339.25Bahrain 0.232 0.721Iraq 2.843.81Lebanon 0.263 1.4Syria 1 1.88Israel 12.2914.3Iran 1.549.17Turkey 9.9219
Source: SIPRI 's 2010 Annual issued by the Institute of the Stockholm International Peace Research
Appendix 2:Ratio of military spending in some Arab countries of GDP in 2007Athnsph military spendingOman (10.4%)Bahrain 3.2%Kuwait 3.8%Qatar 2.5%Saudi Arabia 9.5 %Emirates 5.9%
Source: SIPRI 's 2010 Annual issued by the Institute of the Stockholm International Peace Research
Appendix 3 :Most developing countries, spending on arms purchases ( agreements ) between 2001 and 2008, billions of dollarsAthmad ' for military spending ' overall percentage ( %) * rankedSaudi Arabia 36.716 1India 30.814 2Emirates 15:37 3China 12.9 6 4Egypt 5 12:35Pakistan 11.85 6Israel 7:13 7Syria 6.53 8Venezuela 5.83 9
0 التعليقات:
Post a Comment